Nonfiction Initiative - Justifying Non-Fiction in Libraries

Nonfiction Initiative – Justifying Non-Fiction in Libraries

Introduction
To those who keep abreast of the developments in non-fiction today, it comes as no surprise that it deserves to be highlighted in every library environment. Long gone are the days were all non-fiction was considered dry, stuffy and dull. Non-fiction, or informational text, has become much more that a car manual, or information on how the water cycle works. New methodologies and needs have led to innovations in tone, format, layout, topics, development, continued research, hands-on activities and new common core standards for education is now driving those innovations even further, as a good portion of those standards center on viable, interesting, level appropriate, wide bases of non-fiction, that cross all culture boundaries, to ensure the success of our children inside, and outside, of school.  

There is not one aspect of the library that non-fiction does not, and has not affected. Let’s highlight a few ways in which, informational text has an effect, in public libraries, but particularly on young adults, and how it can be utilized to improve and expand current offerings and processes, within the library and community environments.

Non-fiction on Collection Development
Common Core Standards tell us, “Students need to become strong writers, and do to that, they need expert instruction, time to write, and meaningful opportunities for writing a wide range of informational, argumentative and narrative texts. They also must become proficient readers of more complex texts, and that means they need expert instruction and opportunities to read a wide range and very deep volume of texts” (Calkins, L., Ehrenworth, M., & Lehman, C, p.18). This means that continual collection development, particularly of long neglected non-fiction sections, is essential to provide the base necessary for patrons, in particular children, to succeed in a 21^st century world. This means incorporating multiple formats, increasing methods of accessibility, potentially utilizing interlibrary loans, and finding ways to maximize budgets to meet this growing need for quality, interesting, level appropriate non-fiction, across all age groups. While this is obviously imperative in school libraries, which are turning away from traditional textbooks toward more tradebooks, to meet the need for increasing complexity and comprehension, this also needs to drive public libraries to re-evaluate their circulation statistics, performing S.W.O.T. analysis if necessary and definitely investing in non-fiction collection development where service gaps are obvious. Those gaps will definitely become apparent, particularly as many libraries spend more time focusing on fiction and entertainment collection development, given a perceived desire by the local community.

Re-establishing the necessity and importance of a good, varied, well written and interesting non-fiction section helps re-establish the relevancy of the library and increases the knowledge and appreciation of the genre through its patrons. Without library support, these informational texts go largely ignored, and thus, the community loses out on an invaluable resource, necessary for a world where survival means increased comprehension and information literacy development.

Non-fiction and Cataloguing
Non-fiction, where cataloging is concerned, has been constantly developing for decades. Now, with the frequent use of automated OPAC’s and standardized MARC records using the Library of Congress classification system (while other libraries may use a combination of Dewey Decimal, L.C. and home grown methods), non-fiction has become easier to identify and catalog using ALCTS accepted practices, with specific MARC record lines corresponding to intended audience, and even many call numbers including the same information, for ease of reference and identification, while the entries themselves are becoming standardized across the board, with the utilization of copy cataloging, saving both time and money for the cataloger. Non-fiction for children can be designated, after the location number and author name, with a E for picture books for the youngest children, J for Juvenile titles, Teen for teen rated, or young adult books (Fountain, J.,  2014). These designations also allow libraries supreme autonomy over the physical location of these books, depending on their own requirements. For some libraries it may be possible to keep non-fiction titles grouped with fiction titles, in separate sections, by intended audience, whereas other libraries may choose to incorporate non-fiction titles of all age into one non-fiction section altogether. This ultimately maximizes flexibility and cost saving.

Non-fiction and Programming
Non-fiction provides a rich playground of opportunities for programming. There are endless subjects, which can be tied in to events, news stories, entertainment, and special occasions. Shark week on the Discovery Channel alone, for example, can inspire dozens of programming opportunities, such as a sea themed parade, puppet crafts, plays, displays, art contests, movie viewings, and more. These activities can span multiple age groups, providing cohesive programming across departments, while increasing community awareness, simultaneously informing the community about new topics, and generating buzz about fun new ways to interact with the library .This can easily lead into cost efficient publicity opportunities, with stories being sent to newspapers or television stations, posts and events created across social media, blog articles written, and suggestions for programming shared between information professionals, offering an additional increased opportunity for networking, and further reach and innovation.

Getting the entire library staff involved is beneficial. The more invested and interested employees, the better promoted and visible the programming will be, as excitement is easily conveyed. Coordinate subject weeks with local events, community and cultural celebrations and get schools involved, perhaps cross organizing in conjunction with curriculum units. This could provide additional publicity opportunities utilizing collaboration with local schools, if the originating institution is a public library, and can help drive Common Core Standard goals as well. Drawing the correlation between the book and real-life shows just how relevant the offerings of the library are, and how sensitive they are to the needs and backgrounds of those being served.

Non-fiction and Serving Diverse Populations
In order for a library to seem relevant to the demographic it serves, the demographic, or patrons, have to believe that it, and its collection,  and programming, somehow applies to them, and their needs, whether cultural, economic, social, or otherwise. It is in this vein that non-fiction becomes absolutely essential. Providing newspapers in other language, folktales and cookbooks from other cultures, information on culturally based events and celebrations, scholarships, language, as well as informational text in various levels, including narrative non-fiction of those who have come from similar backgrounds, as well as familiar topics in unfamiliar languages for E.S.L. patrons (Hadaway, N.L., Vardell, S.M., &Young, T.A, 2002), all help to meet that need. It creates a connection, provides information uniquely tailored to the demographic, provides opportunity for language and literacy development  and is particularly important with children and young adult patrons.

Young adults, in particular, are ego-centric, meaning that their world revolves around themselves and their place in the world at large. They need non-fiction that relates to their experiences, their thoughts, their changing attitudes and bodies, which helps them feel more connected to their communities, their families, their peers and environments, and also stimulates their minds and helps them become successful in the real world. They are bridging the gap between childhood and adulthood, and particularly for those sensitive topics they have difficulty discussing with others, non-fiction becomes a part of their identity and their method of coping and they need a wide variety of it. Through the stories and concepts presented in non-fiction, they are able to see their experience in a greater context, feel connected to their communities and find direction. In doing so, they are also passing these resources onto their family and friends, making suggestions for improvements and new inclusions, encouraging others to utilize the resources of the library, in the hopes it can do the same for them.

Non-fiction and Connecting with Library and Web-Based Reader Communities
When it comes to non-fiction with library and web-based reader communities, we are very lucky that we live in a technologically advanced world, where multiple formats of titles are becoming increasingly available. With the introduction of cloud environments, e-books, audio books, in additional to traditional print sources, librarians are better able to span all reading preferences, maximizing subscription costs but allowing higher circulation statistics as more people are looking for the same titles. It is easy to see how this might also be even more of an impact as many schools are attempting to make the shift from textbooks, to trade non-fiction books, to meet the Common Core standards that require increasing complexity based on level. Many of these schools are struggling to find a way to meet that need, particularly if classes need the materials at the same time. This is where having both electronic and physical access becomes essential, not only to allow greater access, but also a better comfort level in both school and public libraries.

There are some who find that libraries offer less distraction. Some find they provide more. Some want the security of having a teacher or librarian to go to for questions, and others prefer to be able to access the text from home, where they can talk to their families. Others will need assistance finding related titles for further research. The difficulty comes in that publishers and trade partners often see a great desire for fiction only in multiple formats and it’s time that view was changed, as the face and importance of non-fiction is also changing. Overall, it is important to include non-fiction titles that span the demographic and specific needs of the library patrons, while taking into consideration their format needs as well. This, again, is tied with collection development, and ensures that little to no service gap is experienced, while offering high interest titles, bridging all parts of the collection.

Non-fiction and Webpage Development
Besides the fact that traditional non-fiction can tell you how to build a webpage, how to develop and maintain it, the genre itself lends immeasurably to the content of the library webpage, offering opportunities for highlighting titles, publicizing offerings and events, in the light of related programming, highlighting relevant Common Core Standards, and presents opportunities for further learning, particularly when they are and incorporated into lesson plans and Virtual Learning Commons. This type of information sharing allows multi-media to become indispensable for creating interest and relevancy. Librarians can post non-fiction related videos, music, games, apps, as well as web resources for further exploration. They can encourage research, suggest topics, relay phenomenal amounts of information in new and exciting ways, particularly for reluctant readers who may still have their doubts about non-fiction titles.

There is no better way, to gain interest in a genre that was once considered difficult and antiquated, than by using new technology to make it seem interesting and fresh. Whether that occurs by utilizing programs like Animoto for book trailers, YouTube for book talks, skits and non-fiction storytimes, or as galleries for non-fiction related hands-on activities, the media lends so much visibility and life that non-fiction itself takes on a whole new meaning. It can constantly be refreshed to be updated with library themes and programming, providing emotional and cultural connections, eliciting excitement in exploration of new ideas with patrons, while generating interest in new methodologies of non-fiction writing, while simultaneously providing low cost options for publicity, and connection.

Non-fiction and Publicity
At the heart of library publicity is trending. What is hot? What is new? What is going to grab a patron’s interest and bring them in the door? For example, right now, there is a huge emphasis on narrative non-fiction. Compared to previous biographies that most library professionals are used to, this new sub-genre may give facts, like so many before them, but more importantly it tells a story, it vibrates with “emotional resonance” (Sundberg, I., 2010). This alone is enough to revolutionize non-fiction and highlight its relevancy, particularly with teen and young adult audiences whose development often dictates that they are looking for stories to which they can relate to, that are make them say “that’s just like me” (Aronson, M., 2012) and while that did not used to be the case with non-fiction, the narrative makes all the difference, as the writer finds its voice. Empathy and sympathy are the keys to getting the patron emotionally invested in the medium and the genre. That is part of the reason why this genre is so popular now, and why, if a library includes such works in their collection, and highlights them, whether by display, website, blog, book groups, readers advisories, or other forms of social media, it becomes a double win, as not only is it shows the forward thinking of the library, the concern for the emotional and developmental well-being of its patrons, its interest in history, and its ability to keep its finger on hot button topics, reversing the idea that the library itself is a dusty repository of information.

Keep it fresh! Have a bookmark, art or fan-fiction contest, based off of a narrative non-fiction book, or use resources, including multi-media, on current local topics, for example, in the Pacific Northwest, the Oso landslide, which killed dozens of people, and has inspired many charitable organizations, events and ways to get involved. Young adults, in particular, are keen to share their opinions and solutions, if only someone is willing to listen, and using these non-fiction resources, recent publicity regarding similar topics, while creating added publicity for related programming, are an excellent way to allow them a voice, while causing people to re-determine their views on non-fiction, the issue at hand, and the library reputation itself.  By bringing attention to hot non-fiction topics that are already trending, the library itself also saves valuable budget dollars, instead being able to utilize, repost, and direct patrons to existing public awareness, increasing interest and heightening relevancy. To ignore , non-fiction and the attention it has already generated, would definitely be foolhardy, particularly given its increased use in newly developed Common Core Standards, which are driving both public and school libraries.

Non-fiction and Common Core Standards
Whether we like or hate the revised Common Core Standards, as educators, parents and librarians, they are very real, with far reaching implications and are here to stay. “Reading anchor 10, which asks readers to ‘read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently’ (2010a, 10)” (Calkins, L., Ehrenworth, M., Lehman, C., p.32), in increasing complexity, while knowing the difference between literal and figurative information, shows in no uncertain terms in the importance of non-fiction in Common Core Standards, and the basic overall learning expectations for each grade level. The C.C. (Common Core) goes on to state, “To be ready for college, workforce training, and life in a technological society, students need the ability to gather, comprehend, evaluate, synthesize, and report on information and ideas, to conduct original research in order to answer questions or solve problems, and to analyze and create a high volume and extensive range of print and non-print texts in media forms old and new. (4)” (Calkins, L., Ehrenworth, M., Lehman, C., p.75). As such, these new standards are driving the way libraries and school media centers approach non-fiction, as they attempt to help teachers and educators meet the required goals at every age level.

For students, it is important to develop critical thinking and analysis skills of informational texts by evaluating them, and by comparing and contrasting them with other relatable, relevant materials, looking for similarities and differences in content, form, purpose and tone. It is similarly imperative that children be provided high quality, content rich, and above all, high interest informational texts, of appropriate levels. Children, in particular, find reading non-fiction intimidating because the options they are provided with are often low interest, poorly written or too difficult. Coordinating informational text reading with hands-on activities, such as scavenger hunts, excavations, keeping a journal, games, field trips or crafts, can enhance comprehension and retention, while plenty of discussion opportunities, in both small and large groups, with the teacher only as a guide, will also encourage advanced literacy. Encouraging independent research, and explaining how to identify a good source from a bad one is also an essential part of this process. All of these methodologies lead to collective consciousness, information literacy, critical thinking and will help with independent and collaborative skill building, as well comprehension and writing skills.

One revolutionary idea is perhaps to re-classify non-fiction books, which often confuse young readers with the genre title, given that it also contains folk and fairy tales and information on fictitious subjects. Removing the outdated genre name and perhaps, instead, referring to them as “informational texts” (Harris, C., 2012) or “knowledge books,” highlighting the fact that instead of being repositories of dry facts, these types of books are actually “a set of contentions, arguments: tapestries of ideas, insights, and evidence we individuals [authors] have woven” (Aronson, M., 2012) may help increase interest, use and comprehension, as well. Perhaps by re-defining the meaning of the genre in the first place, the relevancy of the material and the ways in which we use it will become much clearer, and we may have the Common Core Standards to thank for that, as libraries are being driven to adapt to the new standards, just as much as curriculum and instruction must, in order to meet the needs of children and adults in a 21^st century world.

Conclusion:
The face of non-fiction has changed. Even the name designation is beginning to change as is the definition. Without highlighting these new innovations in non-fiction, without highlighting the benefits of non-fiction on services, budgets, education and the community, we as librarians are doing a great disservice to our patrons, our communities and our organizations. There are so many opportunities to not only support the genre, but to allow it to support us, to teach us, to prepare us all for technologically advanced future that requires critical thinking, complex comprehension, advanced writing and information literacy skills, and the ability to present this information to a wide audience. We are not just information professionals, we are information enlighteners. We are showing the generations how to flourish and succeed by discovering the world around them, their place in it, and how they can share their experiences, and those of others, in days past, with those in their communities and beyond. We are shaping the next generation of leaders, thinkers and doers, who will compete, and hopefully collaborate, with other nations to build a global community that embraces the value of non-fiction as much, if not more so than any other type of literature available today.

Resources:

Aronson, M. (2012). Text clusters, text complexity. http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/nonfictionmatters/2012/04/18/text-clusters-text-complexity-and-the-print-problem/.

Aronson, M. (2012). "The end of nonfiction"? A weaver's response. [blog entry] Retrieved from http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/nonfictionmatters/2012/03/09/the-end-of-nonfiction-a-weavers-response/.

Aronson, M. (2012). YANF and voice. http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/nonfictionmatters/2012/04/20/yanf-and-voice/.

Calkins, L., Ehrenworth, M., & Lehman, C. (2012) Pathways to the common core. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann Publishing. 214.

Fountain, J. (2014). Chapter 1 - Guidelines for Standardized Cataloging for Children. Association for Library Collections & Technical Services, Cataloging and Classification Section. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/alcts/resources/org/cat/ccfkch1

Hadaway, N.L., Vardell, S.M., &Young, T.A. (2002). Highlighting nonfiction literature: Literacy development and English language learners. The New England Reading Association Journal, 38(2), 16-22.

Harris, C. (2012). The end of nonfiction. School Library Journal, 58(3), 16.

Sundberg, I. (2010). Narrative non-fiction is hot hot hot! http://ingridsnotes.wordpress.com/2010/10/25/narrative-non-fiction-is-hot-hot-hot/. 

Sutton, R. (2007). An interview with Jon Scieszka. The Horn Book, 83(5), 445-55

.

Further Resources Used for Evaluation:

•     Aronson, M. (2011). New knowledge. The Horn Book. 87(2), 57-62.

•     Bartoletti, S. (2011). The extreme sport of research. The Horn Book, 87(2),  24-30

•     Barton, C. (2011). Your mother should know. The Horn Book, 87(2), 88.

•     Carstensen, A. (2010). Yalsa award for excellence in nonfiction for young  adults, year one.Young Adult Library Services, 8(3), 38-40.

•     Fang, Z. & Wei, Y. (2010). Improving middle school students' science  literacy

         through reading infusion. The Journal of Educational Research, 103(4), 262-273.

•     Faust, S. (2001). In quest of excellence: Qualities of distinguished information

         books.  School Library Journal, 47(6), 42-43.

•     Fister, B. The Dewey dilemma. Library Journal, 134(16), 22-25

•     Fleming, C. (2011). Getting in touch with Ben. The Horn Book, 87(2), 39.

•     Giblin, J. (1988). The rise & fall of juvenile nonfiction, 1961-1988. School Library

         Journal, 35(4), 27-31

•     Giblin, J. (2000). More than just the facts: A hundred year of children's nonfiction. The Horn Book,          76(4), 413-424.

•     Giblin, J. (2003). What sort of man? Children and Libraries, 1(2), 16.

•     Giblin, J. (2011). The wrong plot. The Horn Book, 87(2), 97.

•     Harris, C. (2012) How to get started. School Library Journal, 58(4), 28.

•     Isaacs, K. (2005). Truth in information books. School Library Journal, 51(7), 28-29.

•     Murphy, J. (2003). Drawn to story. Children and Libraries, 1(3), 48-50

•     Nelson, K. (2009). Trampling the grass at Hank Aaron's house. Children and 

         Libraries, 7(2), 18-19.

•     Partridge, E. (2011). Narrative nonfiction: Kicking ass at last.  The Horn  Book, 87(2), 69-73.

•     Rossi, J. (2005). Don't gloss over the glossary. School Library Journal, 51(10), 33.

•     Silvey, A. (2010). The real deal. School Library Journal, 56(6), 22-25.

•     Stone, T. (2010). No victims in sight. Children & Libraries, 8(3), 5-6.

•     Stone, T. A fine, fine line: Truth in nonfiction. The Horn Book, 87(2), 84-87.

•     Vent, C. & Ray, J. (2007). There is more to reading than fiction! Enticing elementary 

          students to read nonfiction. Teacher Librarian, 34(4), 42-44.

Review: Stitches: A Memoir by David Small

Small, David. (2009). Stitches: A Memoir. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 331 pages. ISBN 9780393068573

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Richie's Picks
- NBA Young People's Award Finalists 2000- 2013

Author's Website: http://davidsmallbooks.com/

Brief Summary:  Born into a dysfunctional, cruel and angry house, the young David Small suffered in sadness and darkness, just wanting to be loved and taken care of, so much so that he looked toward the hospital staff when he had surgery at the age of 14 to remove a growth, as a sort of family. That was, until he saw what they had actually done to him, and later found out why. Fumbling for his own way, his right of passage burned on until he finally found a way to be true to himself and break free of the cycle set before him , to forge his own path.

Personal Reaction: The book jacket described this book as a silent film, and I have to agree with them. The images scream so much louder than any words could, and it's appropriate, given the operation that the author undergoes as a teen and the stifling cruelty and dysfunction of his family. I was sad, the entire time I read this book, and troubled. I felt like that kid. I went where he went, was terrified when he was, desperate with a small glimmering of hope that was none to bright at the end, but the only thing to latch onto. This was a very, very powerful book and there was no better way, in my opinion, to portray it than in this graphic format. It was painful, but, in a way, cathartic, for when you break a cycle, you feel vindicated, and somehow, powerful where you had none of it before.

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page, dedication, secondary title page, content, pictoral background on author, acknowledgments, about the author.

Content Evaluation: This book is, for all intense and purpose large graphic novel, and brilliant in my opinion, at that, so it does not have the typical format of an autobiography, and no references of course. But what it does have is character and heart, you can practically feel the uncomfortableness and sad cruelty in the illustrations before we ever get to the word. It is very powerful.

 

Review: We Were There, Too! : Young People in U.S. History by Phillip Hoose

Hoose, Phillip. (2001). We Were There, Too! : Young People in U.S. History. New York: Melanie Kroupa Books/Farrar Straus Giroux. 264 pages. ISBN 9780374382520

Awards/Selection Lists:
 - NBA Young People's Award Finalists 2000-2013
- Publishers Weekly Best Children’s Books of the Year
- American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults

Author's Website: http://philliphoose.com/


Brief Summary:  Sybil Ludington rode almost 4 times as far and long as Paul Revere for the same purpose. John Adams was a translator as a child. Claudette Colbert refused to give up her bus seat long before Rosa Parks. James Forten worked to abolish slavery not long after the Declaration of Independence was signed. Whether they were planting Indigo, holding back British forces, helping stitch the star spangled banner, organizing for fair labor, leading protests against the Vietnam War, fighting in WWII, revolutionizing the world's technology, starting environmental movements that would later shape the globe...these things were all done by children. They were all there, fighting, living, breathing, dying, putting their lives on the line, innovating, protecting, surviving time and again, overcoming incredible odds, and make a difference, making themselves heard, when no one thought to listen. Phillip Hoose gives them a voice and proves every young person can make a difference. Every person, young or old has a voice.

Personal Reaction: I believe this to be an ideal book for young people who are feeling lost in the world, just like so many of Phillip Hoose's titles. He is so good at giving children a voice, showing their extraordinary efforts and talents, showing that they can make a difference, they can be heard, they can be strong and persevere. They are just as astonishing, if not more so because of their young age, than their adult counterparts and make just as big of an impact. It makes the reader feel...important, to see people just like them overcoming, making a stand, doing what they thought was right, often overcoming not just the prejudice of age, but also color, gender, nationality, and idea. If you look, in every major even in history, they are there, just waiting to be heard, and Hoose did an amazing job of giving brief but thorough overviews of their accomplishments. In fact, he found so many, they filled up NINE parts in this book, and I'm sure there was plenty of room for more.

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page with dedication, table of contents, introduction, acknowledgments, sources (by part...total of 9 parts in book), index.

Content Evaluation:  There was a lot of content to cover, so the way that Hoose has the book organized, chronologically and in sections, makes sense, and the index and table of contents makes navigation easier. He is relatively thorough with his list of sources, though slightly less so than in previous books, where there were more author notes and selected bibliographies. Still, there is plenty of citation of reputable factual material, and illustration or photos where available, though it would have been nice to have seen some color in the book, to catch the eye and keep the reader moving.

I would recommend this book be displayed, either in Young Adult, or in the Teen section, particularly, as a way to empower youth patrons and show them what can be done with direction and drive.

Review: Bootleg: Murder, Moonshine, and the Lawless Years of Prohibition by Karen Blumenthal

Blumenthal, Karen. (2011). Bootleg: Murder, Moonshine, and the Lawless Years of Prohibition . New York: Flashpoint Publishing. 154 pages. ISBN 9781596434493

Awards/Selection Lists:
- YALSA Excellence in Nonfiction Award, 2012 finalist
- American Library Association ALSC Children's Notable List 2002-  
  2013    
- Booklist Editor’s Choice Award, 2011
- Capitol Choices, 2011
- CCBC Choices, 2011
- Junior Library Guild selection
                                           - Kirkus Reviews Best Books for Teens 2011
                                           - School Library Journal Best Books of 2011
                                           - Texas TAYSHAS list
                                           - Richie's Picks

Author's Website: http://www.karenblumenthal.com/

Brief Summary:  With the help of such figures as Carrie Nation and Morris Sheppard, newly found temperance leagues fought a highly visible campaign against the ill effects of liquor on the sanctity of lawfulness and family in the United States. Utterly convinced that liquor was the cause of illegal activity, families falling apart, and all difficulties in the nation, these characters papered Washington, D.C., with pamphlets, introduced health primers in school with the dangers, exaggerated or not, of alcohol, broke up barrooms and saloons, and convinced citizens, particularly women, that it was their duty to put an end to drunkenness, and liquor consumption.When they had made enough noise to gain the imagination of the nation, John Volstead pushed hard to pass the 18th amendment, prohibiting the consumption or selling of liquor with an alcohol content of over .5 of 1%, unless kept in the home or for medicinal purposes. He was determined that this amendment would prevent drop outs and illegal activity, only to give rise to severe illness and the most notable and violent criminals ever known, like Al Capone, when people began to make and distribute their own alcohol, often paying officials bribes to continue their business unharmed. This phenomenon was known as bootlegging and it would take 2 more presidents before the amendment was repealed, and the dangerous process was all but halted, in an attempted to save America from the lawlessness that had been inspired by what people considered an idea of civility.

Personal Reaction: I thought this book had a lot of good information on the history of prohibition from start to finish, but it was a little lackluster and dry (no pun intended) in some areas, making it difficult to stay focused and interested. This could also be because of my propensity to become annoyed with characters, factual or not, that believe they know what is best for all people, and attempt to take away their freedoms over their own fears. I would love to say that the originators of the temperance movement had nothing but good intentions, but it is very clear from this book that simply wasn't the case, and in more than one instance, was an opportunity for power play, control, and the exhibition of more than one example of mental illness, and the inability to deal with personal tragedy.

Front/Back Matter: Photograph, title page, copyright page, table of contents, content, glossary, bibliography and source notes, source notes by chapter, acknowledgments, picture credits, index.

Content Evaluation: As previously stated, the tone was a bit lackluster, but there was a lot of good information included and the front and back matter is exceptionally thorough. I'd like to see more of the emotional impact and first hand accounts of people who lived through and were affected by the period and the amendment. I think that would go far to make the content a little more relatable, though it is easy to draw correlations between the fight against alcohol and current legislative issues with guns, tobacco and marijuana use.

Review: American Shaolin: Flying Kicks, Buddhist Monks, and the Legend of Iron Crotch: An Odyssey In the New China by Matthew Polly

Matthew, Polly. (2007). American Shaolin: Flying Kicks, Buddhist Monks, and the Legend of Iron Crotch: An Odyssey In the New China. New York: Gotham Books. 224 pages. ISBN 9781592402625

Awards/Selection Lists:
- A Compilation of Nonfiction titles on Best Books for Young Adults Top  Ten lists, 2001-2010
- Alex Award-Winning Nonfiction Titles, 1998-2013

Author's Website: http://mattpolly.com/

Brief Summary:  This is the story of author Matt Polly, and his rise from a skinny American kid, lost in the ways of the world, with only one desire, to go to China and learn KungFu from the Shaolin Monks themselves, to the defender of Shaolin tradition, tournament style. He learns discipline, he learns pain, he learns how to navigate the turbulent waters of China a mere stones throw in time from the period of Tiananmen Square, and the prejudice that Americans are expected to endure as foreigners in a contradictory land of corruption, honor, tradition and change. Because of his dedication and skill, Matt Polly became the first American ever inducted into the Shaolin Temple but it was not without sacrifice and an emotional inner journey.

Personal Reaction: Matt Polly writes of his 2 year journey in China with style and wit. He is undoubtedly funny and has maintained a sense of humor, even when recounting the most humiliating and difficult times of his journey in a country where walking on eggshells was necessary for daily living, as loyalties shifted as easily as a rolling tide. At times some of the technical jargon of KungFu can become distracting, but I found myself still enjoying the story, as if a favorite friend was telling me a story of their great adventure. Even though it wasn't one of my favorite books, it is one of my favorite stories and his reactions then, and the flavor of his address is charismatic and familiar. I would definitely recommend this book to reluctant readers who may be feeling a little lost in the world, but who also have some interest in martial arts. The chapter on Iron Crotch Kungfu alone had me in stitches. His reactions and recollections were priceless, and very easy to relate to. I love this man's writing style.

Front/Back Matter: Title page, dedication, table of contents, a note on spelling and pronunciation, secondary title page, Chinese proverbs, prologue, author's note, acknowledgments.

Content Evaluation: I would have liked to have seen a little more about Chinese culture, as references or appendixes in this book, but a beginning primer for the more important Chinese names, and Polly's explanation of his education in Chinese culture is enough to get you through. The tone is funny and relatable, at times serious, but still maintaining and element of play. It is laid out logically and does not include an index or source notes, typically because this is a first hand telling, an autobiography, rather than a research project.

Review: Charles and Emma: The Darwins' Leap of Faith by Deborah Heiligman

Heiligman, Deborah. (2009). Charles and Emma: The Darwins' Leap of Faith. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 268 pages. ISBN 9780805087215

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Printz Honor 2010
- National Book Award finalist 2010
- L.A. Times Book Prize Young Adult Literature Finalist
- YALSA Excellence in Nonfiction 2010
- CCBC Choices List 2010
- Oprah's Book Club 2010 Kids' Reading List: 12 and Up
- New York Times Editor's Choice

Brief Summary:  Through and through, this is the love story of Charles and Emma Darwin, literally kissing cousins who married and had a typical Victorian family, typical except that Charles was shaking up the world by redefining the world's view of creation, nature and the origin of man. Being mildly spiritual, where his wife was incredibly devout, after losing her sister, it became a gulf between then, that they had to span by a leap of faith. Together they endured tragedy, controversy, devastation, ill health, strife, and Emma's growing concern that she wouldn't meet her beloved husband in the after-life, yet they still came out together, still in love and still devoted, with a good tale to tell.

Personal Reaction: I had a difficult time finishing this book. In fact I had to pick it up and put it down twice. While the story of Charles and Emma Darwin is really interesting, I was constantly distracted by the constant interference of Christianity in their story. I understand the context of this element. In England, during the time period, it was extremely common for Victorian women to be incredibly devout, and for religion to rule the roost, and also I understand the strife and heartache it caused Emma. However, at some point during the story, it, and the difference between their two faiths, started to sound more like a nagging presence rather than an obstacle to be overcome and I found myself annoyed. I wanted to learn more about their dynamic, the trials and tribulations they went through, his work, his family, and while I understand that religion and the moral views of the time period were intertwined, I wish they hadn't upstaged his incredible journey.
 

Front/Back Matter: Title Page, copyright page with dedication, table of contents, foreword, content, acknowledgements, family trees, source notes, selected bibliography, index.
 

Content Evaluation: The tone could be a little dry, though certainly you can tell that the author was interested in her subject. While a selected bibliography is less superior than a full one, the source notes, which take up more than 14 pages, are excellent, and arranged by page number and occurrence. I would have liked to have seen more illustrations and photos of the Darwins and Charles' work. I think it would have helped carry the story and immersed the reader in the world.

 

Review: Amelia Lost: The Life and Disappearance of Amelia Earhart by Candace Fleming

Fleming, Candace. (2008). Amelia Lost: The Life and Disappearance of Amelia Earhart. New York: Schwartz & Wade. 128 pages. ISBN 9780375841989

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013
- Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, starred review
- Golden Kite Award for Nonfiction, 2012
- Horn Book, starred review
- Kirkus Reviews, starred review
- School Library Journal, starred review
- Richie's Picks
  

Author's Website: http://www.candacefleming.com

Brief Summary:  Most people know of the amazing story of Amelia Earhart, the first woman to cross the Atlantic, lost of her world hopping trip across the equator, with her troubled but brilliant navigator, Fred Noonan. There have been numerous books over the years speculating over the why and the how but this is the first book I have read that actually chronicles the life, from beginning to end, and nature of Amelia Earhart. A tomboy, a student, a nurse, a social worker, a sister, a daughter, a firecracker, a pilot, a wife.....she was many things and she led a colorful life and broke through social barriers with a finesse that continues to inspire generations of women. She wanted to be free, she wanted to be happy, and no one was going to get in her way.

Personal Reaction: I really, really enjoyed this book. Earhart has been a favorite subject for me since I was child. I grasped onto characters who refused to be pushed around and hide who they were, who bucked against the system to pave the way for future children to find their true paths, hopefully with less discrimination and hardship. This book on Amelia's life is the most complete, compassionate, personal I have read. There are so many photos and accounts, personal details that many others leave behind that really let you connect with her character, her choices and her driving force. I particularly like the interspersed "special sections" which recount first hand accounts of people, many being children, who believe they heard some of Amelia's final words or discovered her location, though no one would listen.

Though her death was incredibly sad, she left a legacy, and through the story that Candace Fleming weaves of her life, we can really understand what a brave and formidable woman she was.
 

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page, acknowledgments, contents, foreword (Navigating History), content, bibliography, "Finding Amelia on the web" sources notes by chapter, picture credits, index.
 

Content Evaluation: This book is very well organized, with a lot of source notes (which I love, it always makes the book easier to believe in), and fantastic resources. There are hundreds of photographs included, but they are organized in a way that doesn't detract from the story, but rather helps carry it and form attachment. The tone is strong, factual, but compassionate and it is a great, and fast read.

 

Review: Ben Franklin's Alamanc: Being a True Account of the Good Gentleman's Life by Candace Fleming

Fleming, Candace. (2003).Ben Franklin's Alamanc: Being a True Account of the Good Gentleman's Life. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers. 119 pages. ISBN 0689835493

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Richie's Picks
- ALA Children's Notable Book
- ALA Best Book for Young Adults
- Association of Booksellers for Children Fall Favorite 2003
- Book Links Best Book 2003
- Booklist Top ten Biography for Youth, 2003
- CCBC Choices 2004
- Children's Literature Choice 2004
- Great Lakes' Great Books Nominee 2005
- James Madison Award Honor Book
- Jefferson Cup Honor Book (Virginia Library Association) 2004
- Junior Library Guild Selection
- Maine Student Book Award Nominee 2004-2005
- NCSS-CBC Notable Social StudiesTrade Book 2004
- New York Public Library Best Book for Reading and Sharing, 2003
- New York Public Library Best Book for the Teen Age, 2004
- Parents Choice Gold Award Winner
- Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2003
- Riverbank Review Children's Book of Distinction 2004
- School Library Journal Best Book of 2003
- Washington D.C. Capitol Choices Book 2003
  

Author's Website: http://www.candacefleming.com/

Brief Summary:One of the founding fathers of the nation, Benjamin Franklin is well known, and his accomplishments well documented. Laid out in chronological order, Fleming leaves no stone unturned to reveal Franklin's tenacity, ingenuity, curiosity and his utmost desire to do right by his country, his children, and those he served, by improving, doing, pushing the envelope and not being afraid to offend those in power by being honest, just and proud.

Along with his innovations in his electrical experiments, instituting state schools, libraries, fire brigades, becoming first Postmaster General, being a member of the Continental Congress, helping write the Declaration of Independence, he was a skilled diplomat, a lover, a writer, a man who believed less in organized religion and more in the spirituality of doing the right thing and being chased by the consequences throughout subsequent life-times. He was a complex and interesting character whose humanitarian efforts are often outweighed by the extravagances of his later diplomatic years in France, in part due to the outrage of John Adams wife. Nevertheless, he remains, one of America's most spectacular historical figures, with much more to tell.
 

Personal Reaction: I won't lie, I had a hard time getting through this book. I am very interested in the content, and there is SO much information that I had not previously read on Franklin. You really get a sense of his desire to help his fellow man, of his humility, and his curiosity through Fleming, but it is a bit overwhelming being crammed in small print into 119 pages. Also, while there are many illustrations, everything is in black and white and made to look like an old fashioned newspaper page, which I understand the desire for. However, it makes it difficult to stay focused on the content as there is no color to relieve the eye and offer excitement and a way to really connect with Ben's character.

Front/Back Matter:Title page, copyright page, table of contents, foreword, chronology, content, bibliography, picture sources, additional resources (one page for books, another for websites), index.

Content Evaluation: Very well informed and well documented, the content is extremely fact heavy. I would have liked to have seen a more personal narration, some way to connect and empathize with Ben, rather than just being told about his life. The use of color and a different format might lead to a better review of this book. I think I will attempt to re-read it for leisure, to re-assess if my perceived time constraint caused me to be less entertained by this book. However, its relative dryness is one of the things I dread most. Hundreds of tiny stories inserted into different frames on the page also make it difficult to keep the chronology straight. Still, as I said, I'm willing to give it a second chance.

 

Review: Drawing From Memory by Allen Say

Say, Allen. (2011). Drawing From Memory. New York: Scholastic Press. 72 pages. ISBN 9780545176866

Awards/Selection Lists:

- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013

- Richie's Picks
- Siebert Honor

  

Author's Website:http://www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com/authors/allensay/

Brief Summary: Allen Say is an award winning, Japanese born illustrator and writer who led a very interesting and independent life, determined to become a cartoonist, seeking out his mentor, his sensei, on his own at the tender age of 13, while living on his own and attending school. Later, he moves to America with his estranged father, to live his dream, but the relationship with his sensei, and what he has learned about drawing as seeing and painting as writing, stays with him forever, as this memoir to his great teacher proves.

Personal Reaction: I adored this book. I love Japanese culture and this book reads an awful lot like a lot of the literature I have read from that area. It may seem a little choppy, and some of the content is told with pictures instead of language, which could be why this is listed in our OPAC as a graphic novel, regardless of the fact that it is covered in photos and cartoons, but I think that it fits very well with the storyline and the geography. Say led a very interesting life, and it is amazing to see the amount of independence post war Japan allowed him, and never thought twice about. Even with his father, his grandmother, and some teachers telling him he would never amount to anything as an artist, he pursued his passion, encouraged by his sensei, 2 teachers and a few friends to become one of the most celebrated talents.

Personally, I think what I love most about this book is that I always wanted to be an artist, but was always told that it wasn't lucrative enough to be an occupation, and then the time I could have used to train and perfect a craft was wasted, as it became a sometime hobby, and one that I often hid from others. I really take Say's story to heart because he pursued his passion to the very end and lived his dream. Like those people he saw in Tokyo that lived and died in offices, I lived that way, and I would prefer to live like Say, following his example. It makes you wonder, is it ever really too late?

Front/Back Matter: Title Page, main page, copyright page, dedication, content, author's note.

Content Evaluation: As stated above, the tone is a little choppy, but very appropriate for a Japanese styled book and I think it carries the story, very well. The photos and illustrations are plentiful, the language easy to absorb and the author's note helps tie it all together, really identifying the purpose of this book, to honor his sensei.

 

 

Review: Raggin' Jazzin' Rockin': A History of American Musical Instrument Makers by Susan VanHecke

VanHecke, Susan. (2011). Raggin' Jazzin' Rockin' : A History of American Musical Instrument Makers. Honesdale, Pennsylvania: Boyds Mills Press, Inc. 136 pages. ISBN9781590785744

Awards/Selection Lists:

- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013

  

Author's Website: http://www.susanvanhecke.com/

Brief Summary: Did you know that Avedis Zildjian was originally a candymaker, his namesake the original maker of the cymbal 300 years previous, in Turkey? Leo Fender was a radio repairman,  and Laurens Hammond, whose name is found on grandma's classic organ in the living room, invented 3-D glasses! Men like this weren't necessarily music makers themselves, but they forever changed the face of American music by their innovation and imagination just as much, and in some cases more, as the musicians chronicled in this book, who took a chance and improved the profession that they loved, while starting businesses that would become household names.

Personal Reaction: I love to heard the history behind instrument makers, and the effects that they had on music of the day. There is a lot of music history in this book, packed between the stories of instrument makers, that makes this book dual purpose. The tone is charming and personable, with a lot of excellent pictures and illustrations. I particularly like the story of Heinrich Steinway (formerly Steinwegs) making pianos in his kitchen, and how he literally changed the shape of the piano, as we know it today, his family even building their own concert hall so that musicians could exhibit their talent, and the instrument simultaneously.

Did you know that during World War II they actually stopped making pianos and started making airplanes, and even the great brass horn maker Conn was making military navigation instruments?! Martin, Fender, Ludwig, Moog...these men are legends in the industry, developing innovations, techniques and instruments of distinction for decades and even centuries, and all are covered in this book as well. No matter where you look, these folks survived tragedy, death and the odds to bring music and their dreams to the American people, and people across the world really. It's also interesting to note that MANY of these incredible artists, had families that immigrated from Germany.

The book is also made all the better because each purchase goes toward continuing music education in schools.

Front/Back Matter:Title Page, copyright page, table of contents, introduction, content, "A Closing Note", Notes (including sources), index.

Content Evaluation: The content in this book is amazing. Stashed in the margins and between photos and histories of these famous instrument makers are the types of music and big names in the industry who influenced, or were influenced, by the instruments and makers themselves, showing how the world and industry changed over time, and how one development influenced the other in a symbiotic relationship.

There are a phenomenal amount of resources included, in additional to the basic bibliography, and quote sources are listed by chapter, so it is easier to believe in the authenticity and accuracy of the information presented. The historic photographs and illustrations really carry along the story and make it more exciting that the title could possible suggest. It can get a little long for those not terribly interested in the subject, and even I had a hard time staying interested by the time I reached my favorites (Martin and Fender), but I highly encourage the reader to wade through each chapter. You'll find some amazing stories of perseverance, tradition and innovation.

Review: Our Eleanor: A Scrapbook Look at Eleanor Roosevelt's Remarkable Life by Candace Fleming

Fleming, Candace. (2005). Our Eleanor:A Scrapbook Look at Eleanor Roosevelt's Remarkable Life. New York:Atheneum Books. 192 pages. ISBN 9780689865442

Awards/Selection Lists: 
- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013
- Richie's Picks 
- ALA Notable Book
- Best Book for Young Adults
- Jefferson Cup winner,Virginia Library Association
- Junior Library Guild Selection
- New York Public Library 100 Titles for Reading and Sharing 2005
- Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Gold Medal Winner
- Parent's Choice Gold Medal
- Publishers Weekly Best Book 2005
- School Library Journal Best Book 2005
  

Author's Website: http://www.candacefleming.com

Brief Summary:  Most people know of Eleanor Roosevelt's generous and charitable acts, her contributions toward making the United States a better place during her husband, Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. What they may not know is that she came from an unhappy childhood, where the seeds of insecurity were planted that would haunt her the rest of her life. From a cruel mother to a drunken father, a harsh grandmother, wild and crazy aunts and uncles, Eleanor would eventually find her place in the world, and find where her true power and happiness came from, making other people's worlds better; making a difference in the lives of those who truly needed it, and it was her inspiration and intelligence that led to many of the reformations that swept the country during FDR's presidency, though after his death, she felt she could finally be her true self, and as she said "The story is over." But was it?

Personal Reaction: I've always thought of Eleanor Roosevelt as a great lady. I had heard rumor of FDR having an affair, but Eleanor's relationship with FDR always seemed so strong in everything I had read, and I do believe that he would not have been as successful a president if she had not had the strength to stay with him, though the love and trust had gone from their marriage. They truly became partners and that is a fortitude I am not sure I could have mustered. She was a lonely child and crazed attention, and I feel I can relate to her in so many ways. She wanted to be loved, she wanted to be liked, and part of that lead her to that feeling of fulfillment she finally found in helping the less fortunate who simply wanted a better life for their children. I think, in a way, Mrs. Roosevelt was working toward making sure that every child she touched had a better, more secure life, even if it was simply emotionally, than she had. We all want to provide a better world for our children, and it seems as if Mrs. Roosevelt was finally coming out of her shell and playing mother to the world. She is one of those characters from history that I wish I could have befriended. I think we would have had a lot in common.
 

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page, acknowledgments, table of contents, foreword (a personal note), chronology, family tree, resources (More about Eleanor), picture credits, source notes.

Content Evaluation: The layout is very logical and the tone intriguing. There is a lot of information to sort through, but I found the information interesting, particularly the passages on her later life, where I saw the issues from her past being resolved in the present, through others. The sources and resources are plentiful for further exploration, and the chronology and family tree make it easy to keep things in order, and the relationship between Teddy Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt apparent. Overall, a great history of an amazing lady.

Review: Genius: A Photobiography of Albert Einstein by Marfe Ferguson Deland

Delano, Marfe Ferguson. (2005). Genius: A Photobiography of Albert Einstein. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society. 64 pages. ISBN 0792295455

Awards/Selection Lists:  
- ALA/Book Links Best New Books for Classroom
- Outstanding Science Trade Book for Young People
- Notable Children’s Book of Jewish Content-Association Of Jewish Librarie
- Orbis Pictus Honor Book
- New York Public Library Books for the Teen Age
- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013

Author's Website: http://marfebooks.com/

Brief Summary: As one of histories most recognizable figures, Marfe Ferguson Delano profiles the life of scientist and humanitarian, Albert Einstein, from his beginnings in German, Italy and Switzerland, to America, his 2 marriages, 2 sons, and 2 step-daughters and puts to rest the unfounded rumors that Einstein took bad marks in school due to lack of proficiency, his involvement in the Manhattan Project and that his life as a patent clerk was all drudgery. As one of the world's most brilliant thinkers, and the father of quantum physics, Einstein maintained his childish enthusiasm, his curiosity about the world and his desire to make it a better place, inspiring generations to come, even landing on the cover of a very famous magazine at the turn of the 21st century.

Personal Reaction: Albert Einstein is one of my favorite characters from history, notably because he was what people considered to be relatively eccentric. He was brilliant, tempestuous and precocious as a child, but loving, with parents who encouraged his independence and imagination. As an adult he was a pacifist, a thinker, full of imagination and curiosity, following love and wanting to make the world a gentler place. As he grew older his appearance became more disheveled,  he never wore socks, and he was never more loved or respected as a hero, even by people who had no idea what his theories and articles meant. Above all, I think I respect not only his intelligence but his gentle nature, a lover not a fighter. You don't hear of many people who made an indelible mark on the world who follow that philosophy.

While the book was brief, it gave a good overview of his life, from birth to death, though the chapter on his death seemed the most brief. It is interesting to me to note that the condition he died from, an abdominal, aortic aneurism is the same genetic condition that my uncle died from less than a year ago. I think he would have been pleased to know that he had something in common with such a similarly eccentric spirit. While I would liked to have seen more in-depth information, I think this is a great start for those still testing the world of non-fiction and biographies, where excessive length can cause disinterest. I never lost interest, and it left me wanting more, which is often the hallmark of a great writer.

Front/Back Matter: Brief title page, full title page, copyright page with dedication, quote, foreword, content, afterword, chronology, resources, credits, index.

Content Evaluation: The credits are listed chronologically but in an odd configuration that can make it difficult to determine what goes where. However, when quotes are used in the text, it is often followed by a footnote or reference to the original source as well, which helps. The additional resource page is helpful, as is the information on the Albert Einstein Archives. I would have liked to have seen more content, as mentioned above, but the overview of Einstein's life is more appropriate for Young Adults still venturing into the genre to test the waters. It's not too overwhelming and of good overall length, so that I would not hesitate to recommend this for older tweens as well.

Review: Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice by Phillip Hoose

Hoose, Phillip. (2010). Claudette Colvin: Twice Toward Justice. New York: Square Fish Publishing. 160 pages. ISBN 0312661053

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Newbery Honor Book
- Robert F. Sibert Award Honor
- YALSA Award for Excellence in Nonfiction Finalist
- Jane Addams Children’s Book Award, Honor
- ALA Best Book for Young Adults
  

Author's Website: http://philliphoose.com/

Brief Summary:  Nine months before Rosa Parks made her immortalized stand against segregation on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, a teenage girl in the same city was arrested and jailed for refusing to give up her seat to a white person on a bus. Almost lost to history because she was not considered an appropriate role model for a civil rights movement, it was the court case that she helped bring to the courts of Alabama that ended segregation, though she would tell you, the fight's not over yet.

Personal Reaction: This account of Claudette Colvin's story, in her own words and Phillip Hoose's is fantastic. I could not believe that a story like this had not been presented in school as part of our study of the civil rights movement. This girl had guts, even as a teenager, and dared to take a stand to say "This is not right." Hoose found her story when he was writing "We Were There, Too." and I am so glad he did. We get to hear from Claudette herself the ups and downs, the emotions and thoughts running through her head from the start through the end, why she believes Rosa Parks was a better role model, but also where injustice reined, even in the civil rights movement she helped found with her own sacrifice. It is personal, emotional, brave, outstanding and you can really tell how passionate Hoose was when telling her story. Imagine if we had lost her story  forever. Now her story can help children of all ages learn to stand up for what's right, to be brave, and above all, to make your voice heard.

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page, table of contents, content, author's note, bibliography, notes, acknowledgments, picture credits, index

Content Evaluation: Hoose's tone was enthusiastic, though the format was sometimes a little choppy. His notes, bibliography and picture credits were extensive, though he notes that some citations may be missing. As with most of his books, his resources are excellent, thorough and plentiful, allowing for substantial further research, and offering legitimacy to any information presented as facts.

Review: Children of the Great Depression by Russell Freedman

Freedman, Russell. (2005). Children of the Great Depression . New York: Clarion Books. 118 pages. ISBN  0618446303

Awards/Selection Lists:
- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013
- Golden Kite Award
  

Author's Website: (Publisher entry. No official site found) http://www.hmhco.com/bookstore/
authors/Russell-Freedman/2231331

Brief Summary:  The Great Depression threaten to permanently cripple the United States during the 1930's. After the stock market crashed in 1929, people began to lose everything. Where once there had been frugality and thrift, there was now desperation. Where there was once segregation and prejudice against people of color, there was downright hatred and abuse, as people were literally fighting for scraps in the street to feed their families. Four million people, including children, migrated across the country looking for agricultural work. Four million people experienced the terrible droughts that left the destitute, desperate and in peril. Shanty towns were built as people were kicked out of their homes. Malnutrition became common. Schools closed, jobs were scarce and a living wage, even more so. While Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal helped bring the country out of the Great Depression, attempting to provide work, pride, and the ability to support one's self and family, the effect on America's children did not go unnoticed. Freedman uses the many photographs taken by government hired documentarians to reach readers, and show them just how bad things really were, how this was not a dream, but a very real, very dangerous period of out country's history through the words of its youngest victims.

Personal Reaction: This is a fantastic book. It's written well, but the content, with all of the poignant photographs makes it much more gritty and real, and quite frankly, heartwrenching. It was a desperate time and I can remember asking my Grandmother about it, and realizing that because of the Great Depression, she had developed habits that never went away, and in fact came in handy during World War II, like storing rubber bands and aluminum foil, and contributing to pack rat syndrome. That whole generation helped teach me how to make it through tough times, how to stretch my pennies and make a meal out of practically nothing. I have an immense about of respect and empathy for those who had to go through this terrible time, and especially for those, like my grandparents, who were so young and seemingly helpless at the time, but still, to this day, do not complain about it. They simply take pride in their accomplishments.
 

Front/Back Matter: Photo, title page, copyright page, dedication page, table of contents, introduction (picturing the Great Depression), content, chapter notes, selected bibliography, picture sources, index.
 

Content Evaluation: This book is beautifully written, with so many exceptionally well cited resources and notes. The photographs are amazing, and even though everything is in black and white, it carries a heart with it, the feeling of depression and desperation, of dryness and struggle, that accompanied the Great Depression, and it works to convey the message of the story, while highlighting the magnificence of the perseverance of those who fought against the terrible times.

Review: The Trouble Begins at 8: A Life of Mark Twain in the Wild, Wild West by Sid Fleischman

Fleishman, Sid. (2008). The Trouble Begins at 8: A Life of Mark Twain in the Wild, Wild West. New York: GreenWillow Books/Harper Collins. 224 pages. ISBN 9780061344329

Awards/Selection Lists: 

- Nonfiction titles from ALSC Notable Books lists 2002-2013

- Richie's Picks- Richie's Picks Nonfiction titles
Author's Website: http://sidfleischman.com/

Brief Summary:  Most people remember Mark Twain, or Samuel L. Clemens, as an east coast and Missouri man, clever and cantankerous, but funny and brilliant. Many people know that he was a river boat captain in his younger days. Some may even know that he worked in many newspaper offices. But what few people seem to know is that Mark Twain had his own Wild West adventure, starting with the journey to Nevada where his older brother became the only Secretary of the territory. What did Clemens think of the Wild West? How did he get on? What is his connection to gold rush fever, California, and the Hawaiian islands? How did these adventures contribute to his becoming a published author? How did they shape the famous man we know of today?

Personal Reaction: As I'm finding with many of the books I am reading for this non-fiction blogging assignment, I really enjoyed this book. Now, I chose this book specifically because Mark Twain is one of my favorite literary and historical figures. He had a notoriously wicked sense of humor, sarcasm and satire, he loved to stir things up and challenged standard notions of righteousness and propriety. He just had to think for himself and be different and that, I admire. He was distinctive and devoted, talented and troubled. He wasn't perfect but he was colorful and brilliant, and his story inspires me and reminds me that it's ok to be different. In fact, it's probably the best thing I can think of.

At first I thought I was keeping in time well enough with the chronology of events, only to read at the end that many of these accounts may have been inaccurate because of Twain's love of embellishment for the sake of a good story. Then I'd shake my proverbial fist at the memory of Mark Twain, while smiling a wry smile,  and I would try to make sense of what happened. Perhaps this is why the author offers so much back matter, to help with the quest. Or perhaps that was Twain's idea all along. "Can't make it easy for 'em, " I can imagine him saying with a wink.

Front/Back Matter: Title page, copyright page, dedication, table of contents, Preface, content, timeline, references (by chapter and page), illustration and photograph sources, bibliography, "The novels and other works", index.

Content Evaluation: By far the most organized and complete set of back matter in any non-fiction book I have read to date, Fleischman was spot on the mark. He makes it easy for anyone to not only check facts, but keep events in order, reference particular time periods, events and topics and provides sources for further review and study. It really speaks to the dedication of the writer to portray events as accurately as possible and to give a complete picture of such a famous man's life.

I like Fleishman's tone because it is humorous and personal, though once you read at the end of the book that the way the events are depicted might not be accurate kind of turns you on your ear, as far as believing in his pure credibility goes. But perhaps he's wanting us to evaluate for ourselves what is factual and what is not. Still, the book is entertaining, informative and I believe accurately portrays the character of Sam Clemens.